I'd hazard it follows the same rules as Empathic
That's the intent.
Example: Joe is at 10/100 BP, Bob uses Threads of Fate to take is 90 BP of Damage and throw it as Sue. Sue cannot defend and only has a max of 40 BP. She falls to Serious.
Sure, if she can't block it she would fall to Serious. If you're implying that this is very powerful, keep it mind it costs the same as Incinerate, Gaia's Embrace, Grant Death, Harvest Your Soul, along with many other very strong 4th rank spells/prayers.